Paola Stefani up the newspaper yesterday. Very nice. 2010 is the year to celebrate a small recurrence of the dispute and the supermarket shelves: the tin cans, objects in real life and celebrated by Andy Warol, turn 200 years old. The first to develop and patent, in 1810, was an Englishman, Pierre Durand, who realized the potential of his discovery but chose to monetize it now: and a year later, in 1811, sold it to two industrial, Bryan Donkin and John Hall, of Bermondsey, near London.
Durand, however, had the idea of \u200b\u200bfatherhood French. The government in Paris during the Napoleonic wars, had launched a prize of 12 thousand francs for one who had proposed an effective and economical way to store large amounts of food, because food supplies were one of the most vulnerable of hosts, who had devised a way to feed the troops regularly and with sufficient quality and standard, he had a weapon in more enemies. He was a cook and pastry chef of sixty years in 1809 was awarded the money: Nicolas Appert was born in Chalon-en-Champagne in 1749, he had his intuition noting that the heat eliminated or slowed down the processes of decomposition of food. And he developed his method of preservation, whereby it was necessary that a container was sealed and then immersed in boiling water for times varying depending on the type of food. Applied to the process of glass containers and adopted, fifty years before Pasteur, the method of sterilization of foods. Appert published the following year a book that is still recognized as the founder of the science of conservation: "L'art de conserver les Substances Animales et vegetales." He had some luck with his small factory, built with funds from the prize, but - almost a curious historical revenge .... - That was razed in 1814 by the army of the Austro-Prussian invaders of France, and he died in poverty in 92 years.
Pierre Durand, who was born in 1766, did nothing but replace with glass containers and tin cans to adapt the method Appert. The tin (or tin plate), a thin sandwich of steel and tin that had existed for centuries, has many advantages: it was a material lighter, more flexible, less brittle and more economical than glass. Fundamental remained hermetically sealed and the passage of the boxes, when closed, high temperature to remove bacteria and toxins. Initially, the canning process was cumbersome because it had to be done by hand, the first cans were expensive for ordinary people, with the result that became a sort of status symbol. But the success gradually grew, and with it expanded the market. The main customer was the Navy in the early period of His Majesty and the Donkin & Hall in 1817 in six months he sold canned meat for 3 thousand pounds. In 1820 the explorer Edward Parry, in his quest for a "Northwest Passage" to India through the Arctic, he brought with him boxes of beef and pea soup, and so did in 1829, Admiral John Ross on a similar expedition. The single major problem of those times was the poisoning by lead that was used to seal the boxes.
The automation of the processes of canning, overcoming the problems of health of the housing and an increasing range of canned foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, even oysters, and then tuna, sardines, tomato soup) cause a progressive the question that began to be increasingly popular thanks to the content "service" of the boxes, which allowed the use of food over time, keeping it in the pantry for the occurrence, thinning visits to the market, or to accompany trips and expeditions. Francesco Cirio in Italy was to open the first factory of canned peas in 1856, in Turin, followed in 1875, the first system field for the industrial processing of tomatoes. A curious fact: the can opener was created three decades after that would open the cans. Until then, people make do as best he could, with hammers, chisels, bayonets, even from the box on the stone.
The success of the tin cans and the progress of lithographic printing, which gave a cheerful bright multi-colored metal, gave rise to a more aristocratic variant: the tin box containing less perishable foods (cookies, candies, chocolate ) or tobacco, phonograph needles, cigars and cigarettes. If the cans sealed the package had an essential function food storage, boxes not sealed, ie with the lid, taking a bigger reason for decorative and luxuries were often gifts or special occasions, and reflected the certainty that, once the original purpose, would not have been laid : they would rather continue to serve the women of the house or the boys to hold buttons, tools, postcards and many other odds and ends household. Some factories specialize in toy boxes, gift "double" child lucky, or fantasy-themed decorations or hand (years Santi, historical celebrations, etc.)..
From here you can well understand how the great family of the tins, which today is mostly a thriving collectors, is actually divided into two broad categories. Those "poor", sealed, who play their role must be opened and destroyed, and the "aristocratic" for which the content is almost a pretext and that, indeed, just buy an empty most proud of his life. It 'easy to imagine that the collection covers the latter type of boxes, which have expressed their peak in the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century, and often were even signed by the designer of the advertising period, from Dudovich Cappiello for: in Italy there are at least a dozen major collections, beginning with the refined Marina Durand de la Penne, visit in Gerano (Rome) and exclusively dedicated to Italian boxes, and from that of Mark Gusman, Arona (Varese), considered the "guru in Italian collections of advertising material." The minor collections are not counted.
boxes "poor", including sardines, tuna, salsa, tomatoes, meat, are normally discarded after use, and - except for rare books, mostly found in France - do not leave a trace. Let's be clear: the "birthday" is their own, not those of the biscuits. They too, however, have a more naive but recognizable decorative intent, linked to the elementary marketing of products of little value. Unlike the boxes with the lid, once emptied keep intact its characteristics, the sealed boxes to be held must be emptied of content, and this, even if done aesthetically sensitive devices, involves a violation of their integrity. Obviously there is no alternative.
take boxes of sardines, for example, that are almost a story in itself. They are mainly from Mediterranean countries such as Tunisia, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, France and have long "left behind" in relation to the packaging of other products, perpetuating even in recent years nineteenth-century appearance and features of industrial archeology. Limiting ourselves to lithographed cans (and then ignoring the ones with paper labels, less bright colors and more perishable) is observed prevalence of colors such as red and yellow (more natural and more similar to natural foods) and a small minority of boxes printed in green, blue or black. The designs are most often refer to the contents, and then fish, fishing boats, sailboats, but one can encounter in the illustration of the factory, perhaps in order to impress the consumer with the size and the solemnity of the buildings, or in figures fantasy - children, girls, princesses, but also the ancient Romans or literary characters - to tune into some subliminal desire of housewives, and to communicate the quality and reliability.
formidable Two examples are valid for all. A tin of sardines in oil, manufactured in France, "preparation à l'ancienne, depuis 1903" bears the mark "Le Dieux", the gods, illustrated with a banquet where we recognize Jupiter among others, with the crown, Neptune with the trident, Mars, with helmet and spear, Mercury, with caduceus. In front of each, a plate with three sardines. An inscription reads, in French: "The gods used to eat sardines and ambrosia, Iliad, 25th song." A quote from Homer? Useless, the Iliad consists of 24 songs. Evidently quell'imprenditore decided to conquer the market for women was to be the most formidable of an apocryphal greek poet. What an incredible intellectual machinations!
The other example is Italian, and everyone can still see the shelves of supermarkets. These are "Alice in true hot sauce brand Rizzoli, Parma" (see illustration, ed), whose inscription on a gold background is equal to itself since 1906, before the First World War (some boxes were found years ago in a trench), three gnomes with beards and hats blue tricolor hold a scroll with the words: "Eat Well". Small, almost invisible at the top, a Latin motto: "Ante lucrum nomen" before the prestige of the name, then the gain. Three words that describe what they used to be honor, nobility of spirit, the sense of things, the primacy of values, with the solemnity of entry into a Pantheon. Instead it is a simple, dignified, modest tin of anchovies. Made to be destroyed.
Durand, however, had the idea of \u200b\u200bfatherhood French. The government in Paris during the Napoleonic wars, had launched a prize of 12 thousand francs for one who had proposed an effective and economical way to store large amounts of food, because food supplies were one of the most vulnerable of hosts, who had devised a way to feed the troops regularly and with sufficient quality and standard, he had a weapon in more enemies. He was a cook and pastry chef of sixty years in 1809 was awarded the money: Nicolas Appert was born in Chalon-en-Champagne in 1749, he had his intuition noting that the heat eliminated or slowed down the processes of decomposition of food. And he developed his method of preservation, whereby it was necessary that a container was sealed and then immersed in boiling water for times varying depending on the type of food. Applied to the process of glass containers and adopted, fifty years before Pasteur, the method of sterilization of foods. Appert published the following year a book that is still recognized as the founder of the science of conservation: "L'art de conserver les Substances Animales et vegetales." He had some luck with his small factory, built with funds from the prize, but - almost a curious historical revenge .... - That was razed in 1814 by the army of the Austro-Prussian invaders of France, and he died in poverty in 92 years.
Pierre Durand, who was born in 1766, did nothing but replace with glass containers and tin cans to adapt the method Appert. The tin (or tin plate), a thin sandwich of steel and tin that had existed for centuries, has many advantages: it was a material lighter, more flexible, less brittle and more economical than glass. Fundamental remained hermetically sealed and the passage of the boxes, when closed, high temperature to remove bacteria and toxins. Initially, the canning process was cumbersome because it had to be done by hand, the first cans were expensive for ordinary people, with the result that became a sort of status symbol. But the success gradually grew, and with it expanded the market. The main customer was the Navy in the early period of His Majesty and the Donkin & Hall in 1817 in six months he sold canned meat for 3 thousand pounds. In 1820 the explorer Edward Parry, in his quest for a "Northwest Passage" to India through the Arctic, he brought with him boxes of beef and pea soup, and so did in 1829, Admiral John Ross on a similar expedition. The single major problem of those times was the poisoning by lead that was used to seal the boxes.
The automation of the processes of canning, overcoming the problems of health of the housing and an increasing range of canned foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, even oysters, and then tuna, sardines, tomato soup) cause a progressive the question that began to be increasingly popular thanks to the content "service" of the boxes, which allowed the use of food over time, keeping it in the pantry for the occurrence, thinning visits to the market, or to accompany trips and expeditions. Francesco Cirio in Italy was to open the first factory of canned peas in 1856, in Turin, followed in 1875, the first system field for the industrial processing of tomatoes. A curious fact: the can opener was created three decades after that would open the cans. Until then, people make do as best he could, with hammers, chisels, bayonets, even from the box on the stone.
The success of the tin cans and the progress of lithographic printing, which gave a cheerful bright multi-colored metal, gave rise to a more aristocratic variant: the tin box containing less perishable foods (cookies, candies, chocolate ) or tobacco, phonograph needles, cigars and cigarettes. If the cans sealed the package had an essential function food storage, boxes not sealed, ie with the lid, taking a bigger reason for decorative and luxuries were often gifts or special occasions, and reflected the certainty that, once the original purpose, would not have been laid : they would rather continue to serve the women of the house or the boys to hold buttons, tools, postcards and many other odds and ends household. Some factories specialize in toy boxes, gift "double" child lucky, or fantasy-themed decorations or hand (years Santi, historical celebrations, etc.)..
From here you can well understand how the great family of the tins, which today is mostly a thriving collectors, is actually divided into two broad categories. Those "poor", sealed, who play their role must be opened and destroyed, and the "aristocratic" for which the content is almost a pretext and that, indeed, just buy an empty most proud of his life. It 'easy to imagine that the collection covers the latter type of boxes, which have expressed their peak in the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century, and often were even signed by the designer of the advertising period, from Dudovich Cappiello for: in Italy there are at least a dozen major collections, beginning with the refined Marina Durand de la Penne, visit in Gerano (Rome) and exclusively dedicated to Italian boxes, and from that of Mark Gusman, Arona (Varese), considered the "guru in Italian collections of advertising material." The minor collections are not counted.
boxes "poor", including sardines, tuna, salsa, tomatoes, meat, are normally discarded after use, and - except for rare books, mostly found in France - do not leave a trace. Let's be clear: the "birthday" is their own, not those of the biscuits. They too, however, have a more naive but recognizable decorative intent, linked to the elementary marketing of products of little value. Unlike the boxes with the lid, once emptied keep intact its characteristics, the sealed boxes to be held must be emptied of content, and this, even if done aesthetically sensitive devices, involves a violation of their integrity. Obviously there is no alternative.
take boxes of sardines, for example, that are almost a story in itself. They are mainly from Mediterranean countries such as Tunisia, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, France and have long "left behind" in relation to the packaging of other products, perpetuating even in recent years nineteenth-century appearance and features of industrial archeology. Limiting ourselves to lithographed cans (and then ignoring the ones with paper labels, less bright colors and more perishable) is observed prevalence of colors such as red and yellow (more natural and more similar to natural foods) and a small minority of boxes printed in green, blue or black. The designs are most often refer to the contents, and then fish, fishing boats, sailboats, but one can encounter in the illustration of the factory, perhaps in order to impress the consumer with the size and the solemnity of the buildings, or in figures fantasy - children, girls, princesses, but also the ancient Romans or literary characters - to tune into some subliminal desire of housewives, and to communicate the quality and reliability.
formidable Two examples are valid for all. A tin of sardines in oil, manufactured in France, "preparation à l'ancienne, depuis 1903" bears the mark "Le Dieux", the gods, illustrated with a banquet where we recognize Jupiter among others, with the crown, Neptune with the trident, Mars, with helmet and spear, Mercury, with caduceus. In front of each, a plate with three sardines. An inscription reads, in French: "The gods used to eat sardines and ambrosia, Iliad, 25th song." A quote from Homer? Useless, the Iliad consists of 24 songs. Evidently quell'imprenditore decided to conquer the market for women was to be the most formidable of an apocryphal greek poet. What an incredible intellectual machinations!
The other example is Italian, and everyone can still see the shelves of supermarkets. These are "Alice in true hot sauce brand Rizzoli, Parma" (see illustration, ed), whose inscription on a gold background is equal to itself since 1906, before the First World War (some boxes were found years ago in a trench), three gnomes with beards and hats blue tricolor hold a scroll with the words: "Eat Well". Small, almost invisible at the top, a Latin motto: "Ante lucrum nomen" before the prestige of the name, then the gain. Three words that describe what they used to be honor, nobility of spirit, the sense of things, the primacy of values, with the solemnity of entry into a Pantheon. Instead it is a simple, dignified, modest tin of anchovies. Made to be destroyed.
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